• Cognitive Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Individual Differences
• Physiological Psychology
• Social Psychology

1

(a)

From the study on conservation by Samuel & Bryant, outline the main differences between the children’s responses to the “one question condition”, compared to the “two question condition” (Piaget’s original design).   

  [2]

(b)

Suggest one reason for this difference.

[2]

1996

2

The study by Samuel & Bryant is usually described as a criticism of Piaget’s explanation of cognitive development.  However, the results also contain some support for Piaget.  From the results of the study,

(a)

Give one piece of evidence that challenges Piaget

[2]

(b)

Give one piece of evidence that supports Piaget.

[2]

1997

3

From the study by Samuel & Bryant on conservation, identify two factors that increase the chance of a child giving the correct answer in the conservation experiments.  For each factor, explain why it increases the chance of a child giving a correct answer.          

  [4]

1999

4

(a)

How did Samuel and Bryant test for conservation in the children?

[2]

(b)

Suggest two factors that improved the performance of the child at the conservation tasks

[2]

Sample 2000

5

(a)

In the study by Samuel and Bryant on conservation, in the ‘one question condition’ children are asked a question about number, mass or volume, only after they have seen the substance changed in front of them.  Identify the other two conditions of this experiment

  [2]

(b)

In addition to these conditions, two other factors affected the children’s ability to conserve.  Identify both of these factors

  [2]

June 2001

6

The study by Samuel and Bryant looks at cognitive development.

(a)

Describe one way in which the results show cognitive development has taken place.

  [2]

(b)

Suggest one problem that psychologists face when studying development

  [2]

June 2001

  7

Samuel And Bryant (conservation) raise doubts about the validity of the measures Piaget used to test the children's ability to conserve.

  (a)

Describe one difference between the way Piaget tested conservation and the way Samuel and Bryant tested conservation.

   [2]

  (b)

Outline one way in which the validity of any measure can be tested.

  [2]

May 2002

  8

(a)

From Samuel and Bryant's study into conservation outline one finding which supports Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

[2]

[2]

January 2003

January 2003

May 2003

January 2004

May 2004

May 2005

[4]

January 2006

[2]

May 2006

(a) identify two of the independent variables;

(b) outline one way in which the study may not have been valid.

[2]

[2]

January 2007