• Cognitive Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Individual Differences
• Physiological Psychology
• Social Psychology

1

In the Milgram study on obedience, the subjects were observed to show a lot of tension.

(a)

Give one example of the behaviour of the subjects that indicated extreme tension.

[2]

(b)

Milgram suggested that the tension was caused by the conflicts produced by the study.  Outline one of these conflicts.

[2]

1996  

2

(a)

In the study by Milgram on obedience, how were the subjects recruited?

  [2]

(b)

Outline one advantage of recruiting subjects in this way

[2]

1998  

3

Milgram’s study on obedience is often criticised for being unethical, though Milgram himself made a robust defence of it.  Give two examples of how the ethics of this study can be defended.

 [4]

1999  

4

The level of obedience in the Milgram study was a surprise to the researchers.  Give four factors that were thought to contribute to this high level of obedience.    

 [4]

2000  

5

One criticism of the Milgram study on obedience is that it is not true to life  (i.e. that it lacks ecological validity.).

(a)

Suggest one way in which the ecological validity of the Milgram study could be improved.

  [2]

(b)

Give one example of the way in which people obey authority in real life.

  [2]

January 2001  

6

Psychologists sometimes make the distinction between situational and individual explanations of behaviour.  Consider the Milgram study and

(a)

Give a situational explanation for the behaviours of the teachers.

[2]

(b)

Give an individual explanation for the behaviour of the teachers

[2]

Sample 2000  

7

(a)

Outline one reason why Milgram’s study has been so controversial.

[2]

(b)

Outline one justification why Milgram carried out his study

[2]

June 2001  

8

In this study of obedience, Milgram encouraged the participants to continue with the electric shocks.

(a)

Outline one way in which Milgram encouraged his participants to continue

 [2]

(b)

Describe one way in which the findings of the Milgram study can be applied to social control in every day life

 [2]

January 2002  

  9

  (a)

   
From Milgram's study into obedience give one example of how he debriefed his participants.

   
[2]

 (b)

Why is debriefing participants important?

 [2]

   
January 2003

 10

From the Milgram study on obedience, give one way in which the participants were deceived

 [2]

  May 2003

 11

From Milgram's study on obedience, give four features of the study which explain the high level of obedience.

 [4]

January 2004

May 2004

(a) Outline one way in which the study had low ecological validity.

(b) Outline one way in which the study had high ecological validity.

[2]

[2]

May 2005

January 2006

May 2006

January 2007